中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
多地“瞄准”促消费 哪些行业会出现报复性消费?****** 中新经纬1月6日电 (孙庆阳)2022年12月份召开的中央经济工作会议提出,要把恢复和扩大消费摆在优先位置。增强消费能力,改善消费条件,创新消费场景。多渠道增加城乡居民收入,支持住房改善、新能源汽车、养老服务等消费。 多地出台政策积极促消费 近段时间,地方两会密集召开,安徽、山东多地在政府工作报告中将促消费列为2023年重点工作。广东、青海也出台了促进消费的多项政策。为何多地拼经济,重点“瞄准”促消费? 中国食品产业分析师朱丹蓬在接受中新经纬采访时表示:“投资、外贸、消费是拉动中国经济高速运行的三驾马车,在整个世界经济不确定因素较大的情况之下,外贸要实现大的增长是比较难的,而相比投资来说,最重要的还是在消费。” 当下,全国各地陆续出台促进消费的红利性政策。朱丹蓬预计,随着这些政策进一步落地,对于整个中国的消费来说有着非常大的拉动作用。 财经评论人谭浩俊进一步详细解释,由于出口受国际经济环境的影响很大,特别是欧美发达国家加大了对中国企业的限制力度,出口的难度将越来越大;这些年中国主要是靠基建投资、民生投资等来实现经济稳定增长,没有让经济出现明显下滑。 谭浩俊认为,目前,消费的潜力是最大的,具体体现在三方面:第一,消费市场在疫情影响下一直比较低迷,消费对经济增长的拉动作用一直没有发挥起来。随着疫情政策的调整,消费应当成为经济增长最重要因素之一。第二,消费活力是最容易激发出来的一项投资增长手段,疫情政策的调整对消费潜力的挖掘,形成了非常好的市场环境。因此,消费作为地方拉动经济增长的一个主要考量是完全应该的。第三,消费拉动可以出台很多具体的政策,如家电下乡、汽车下乡、鼓励汽车消费等。 从宏观经济层面来看,星图金融研究院高级研究员付一夫认为,全球经济下行压力较大下外需萎靡,需重点发力内需,而内需中消费最具弹性和潜力。特别像出行和线下类,均在疫情防控期间受到一定程度的压制。“疫情防控方案大幅调整后,对于消费市场最大的干扰因素已消除了。” 付一夫强调,客观来讲,政策调整对消费市场恢复或提振回暖起到了极大的积极促进作用,特别如旅游、餐饮、出行等;另一方面,政策特别重视促进消费,可以设想后续会在消费方面出台一系列政策。 哪些行业会出现报复性消费? 那么,各地区和行业在促进消费方面有哪些特点?哪些行业会出现报复性消费?对此,谭浩俊表示,消费在这三年受到很大压制,无论是传统消费,如餐饮、电影、娱乐,都可能出现报复性现象。 目前,海南等地的宾馆、饭店都出现了一房难订的现象,平台的订票率也非常高。谭浩俊预计,旅游消费或会成下一步消费启动的重要方面。 住房消费也有可能成为今后一段时间经济增长的重要推手。住房消费市场的低迷已持续多年,疫情得到控制后,住房消费也可能在刚需和改善性消费增加下出现反弹。 不过,谭浩俊强调,恢复的关键还要看开发商能否降价。如果2023年消费启动得好,不仅消费本身对经济增长的拉动会越来越大,同时也可以对企业的生产性投资起到非常重要的促进作用。“消费市场好→产品销售好→增加投资→扩大生产,形成良性循环。生产性投资增强,将带动就业和居民收入,进一步推动消费市场的兴旺。” 从各地促消费政策来看,手段越来越多样化。一些地方甚至针对消费场景打造手电经济、夜间经济等,以及围绕春季新年举办特色的促销活动,表现更加多样。付一夫表示,综合来看,各地的促消费政策是全方位的,在想尽办法提升消费者购物体验,这套消费组合拳还是挺漂亮的。 (中新经纬APP) 本文由中新经纬研究院原创,中新经纬版权所有,未经书面授权,任何单位及个人不得转载、摘编或以其它方式使用。 (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |